AMONG THE UMAYYAD, ABBASID, AND OTTOMAN EMPIRES: HOW DID THE ISLAMIC ECONOMY PERFORM? A HISTORICAL REVIEW FROM 600 AD

Ali Akbar Anggara; M. Elfan Kaukab; Ali Imron

doi:10.33581/5j4ba091

Authors

Ali Akbar Anggara College of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia
M. Elfan Kaukab Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an, Wonosobo, Indonesia
Ali Imron Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business, Institut Teknologi dan Sains Nahdlatul Ulama Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33581/5j4ba091

Keywords:

Islamic economics, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman, historical analysis

Abstract

The development of Islamic economic thought has been closely intertwined with the trajectory of Islamic civilization since the era of Prophet Muhammad SAW and the Khulafaur Rasyidin. Following this formative period, the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman dynasties each contributed distinct approaches to managing economic affairs that reflected their political and social contexts. This study applies a historical-descriptive method to analyze the economic concepts and practices implemented by these three empires. The Umayyad dynasty, recognized as the first Islamic government to institutionalize hereditary leadership, emphasized administrative reforms such as the establishment of a structured bureaucracy, coinage system, and postal services, thereby creating stability conducive to economic growth. The Abbasid dynasty (750–1258 AD) marked the “Golden Age” of Islamic civilization, characterized by significant progress in trade, agriculture, and industry. State policies encouraged irrigation projects, mining, and agricultural expansion, while institutions like Baitul Mal played central roles in revenue management and redistribution. Under rulers such as Harun al-Rashid, economic prosperity supported advancements in science, education, and culture. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire (1300–1922 AD) reached its zenith under Sultan Sulaiman al-Qanuni, whose codification of Islamic law and territorial expansion enabled control of major trade routes and commercial centers. However, prolonged wars and intellectual stagnation ultimately weakened its economic base. This historical overview demonstrates that the integration of Islamic principles with practical governance significantly shaped economic systems across dynasties, leaving enduring legacies for contemporary Islamic economic thought.

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